Understanding Geographical Indications
Learn what a GI is, why it matters so much for indigenous communities, and how the traditional treasures of Bodoland earned their place on India’s Geographical Indications register.
What is a Geographical Indication?
A GI links a product to the place it comes from and the people who make it — protecting both its authenticity and its makers.
A legal recognition of origin
A Geographical Indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation due to that origin. In India, GIs are protected under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.
Protection against misuse
Once registered, a GI can only be used by authorised producers from that region. This prevents others from passing off imitation goods as the genuine, place-based product.
A community-held right
Unlike a trademark owned by a single company, a GI is a collective right held by the community of producers — associations, cooperatives or boards — who make the product in the traditional way.
A bridge to markets
GI status raises the profile and value of traditional products, opening domestic and international markets while keeping the benefits with the origin community.
Why GI protection matters for indigenous communities
For the Bodo people, GI recognition is far more than a legal certificate. It is a tool for cultural survival and economic dignity — ensuring that the knowledge, artistry and identity woven into each product remain with the community that created them.
Safeguards traditional knowledge and craftsmanship passed down over generations.
Secures fair recognition and better livelihoods for artisans, weavers, farmers and brewers.
Prevents commercial exploitation and imitation of indigenous products by outsiders.
Strengthens cultural identity and pride within the community.
Encourages younger generations to continue heritage crafts and practices.
How Bodo products earned GI status
The journey from living tradition to registered Geographical Indication took careful documentation, community organisation and expert facilitation.
Documentation of heritage
Each product’s history, raw materials, techniques and cultural significance were carefully documented to establish its unique link to the Bodoland region.
Formation of community associations
Five community associations of weavers, musicians, food producers and brewers were organised to act as the collective applicants and custodians of the GI rights.
Expert GI facilitation
The Bodo Culture and Heritage Preservation Board (BCHPB) led the registration drive with the guidance of GI consultant Prof. Ganesh S. Hingmire of Great Mission Group Consultancy (GMGC).
Filing & registration
Applications were filed with the Geographical Indications Registry, and 21 traditional Bodo products were granted GI status across textiles, musical instruments, food and beverages.
Frequently Asked Questions
The GI registrations are held collectively by five community associations of Bodo artisans and producers, with the registration process facilitated by the Bodo Culture and Heritage Preservation Board (BCHPB). They are community rights, not owned by any single individual or organisation.